SEMESTER I
PRACTICAL
ADI
SANKARA TRAINING COLLEGE, KALADY
EDU
106.2: GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING
TOPIC:
STUDY ON PREVAILING PRACTICES IN GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING IN SCHOOLS/COMMUNITY
SUBMITTED BY:
SUBIN
P J
COMMERCE
Reg. No:
Date: 02-02-2022
PRINCIPAL ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
CONTENT
|
Sl. NO. |
Title |
Page
no. |
|
1.0 |
Introduction |
1 |
|
1.1 |
What Is Guidance and
Counselling? |
1 |
|
1.2 |
Why Guidance and Counselling? |
2 |
|
1.3 |
Aims and
Objectives of Guidance and Counselling |
2 |
|
1.4 |
Principles of Guidance Service |
3 |
|
1.5 |
Prevailing Practices in Guidance and Counselling |
4 |
|
1.6 |
A Report of
An Interview with A School Teacher Councillor |
8 |
|
1.7 |
Report
of The Visit of Counselling Centre, Sammeksha |
11 |
|
1.8 |
Findings & Suggestions |
12 |
|
1.9 |
Conclusions |
12 |
|
|
Reference |
13 |
Study on
Prevailing Practices in Guidance and Counselling in Schools/Community
1.0 Introduction
Guidance is applicable to all aspects of
human life i.e. physical, mental, vital, emotional and spiritual and in all
stages of development from infancy to old age. The main objective is to help individual
to utilize the basic potentialities to the maximum for adequate adjustment in
the environment. India is a democratic country. The success of democracy
depends on educated and enlightened individuals who shoulder the
responsibilities of running the administration. Guidance is an integral part of
education. A counsellor who can help
the learners by his conscious power to unite with the real Source. That is why it is included in the B.Ed curriculam. The Various aspects of
guidance and counselling like: concept, aims, need, importance, types,
role, principles, in schools and teacher education and a report of visit to a
Counselling Centre, suggestions, recommendations etc. are discussed in this
study. Hope it will provide an enrich idea regarding the guidance and
counselling in teacher education and its applicability in schools and comunity.
1.1 What Is Guidance and Counselling?
The two words guidance and counselling generally take
on different meanings. The former refers to helping students’ whole-person
development, while the latter is frequently targeted at helping students with
problems. In other words, guidance work is preventive and developmental in
nature whereas counselling is more of supportive, remedial work (LaiYeung,
2014). The global trend seems to have moved from a casework and remedial
approach to a preventive, developmental approach in providing guidance and
counselling (Gysbers & Henderson, 1994; Yuen, 2002; Lai-Yeung, 2014). Hence
guidance and counselling are a very necessary therapy to school children.
Guidance in schools is that area of the school’s provision that is specifically
directed towards helping pupils realize their full potential in preparing for
adult and working life. Counselling is a person-to-person process in which one
person is helped by another to develop, increase in understanding and ability
to solve his or her problems.
1.2
Why Guidance and Counselling?
The increase in population, industrialization and westernization have created number of problems for our adolescents who are facing frustration, conflict, tensions, and other stress and strain in the present days. To cope with the increasing pace and change of modern life, students need new life skills such as the ability to deal with stress and frustration and also need advise and guidance from others, especially teachers.
1.3. Aims and Objectives of
Guidance and Counselling
Through the guidance program a student must be
achieved:
§ To
understand himself;
§ To
make the most of his capacities, interests and other qualities;
§ To
adjust himself satisfactory to the varied situations within his total
environment;
§ To develop the ability to make his own unique contribution to society to the fullest possible extent.
Some specific aims of the school guidance and counselling program includes the following:
- To Provide for the Realization of Student Potentialities;
- To Help Children with Developing Problems;
- To
contribute to the Development of the School's Curriculum;
- To
Provide Teachers with Technical Assistance; and
- To
Contribute to the Mutual Adjustment of Students and the School.
1.4 Principles of Guidance Service
The principles related to basic assumptions should be
broad and meaningful. Gilbert Wren and Willis Dugan have given the following as
some of the specific principles of guidance.
- ·
Guidance is concerned
with the ‘whole’ student, not his intellectual life alone
- ·
Guidance is concerned
with all students, not only with ‘special’ or ‘problematic’ students
- ·
Guidance is concerned
primarily with prevention rather than cure
- ·
Guidance is more than
just activity of a specialist
- ·
It involves the whole
school components
- ·
Guidance is concerned
with choices and decisions to be made by students
- ·
It develops student’s
self-understanding and self-determination
- ·
Guidance is counsel-not
compulsion
- ·
Guidance is a continuous
progress throughout school life of each student.
1.5 Prevailing
Practices in Guidance and Counselling
Some
of the major practices prevailing in guidance and counselling are as follows
1.5.1 Individual Counselling
Individual
counseling (sometimes called psychotherapy, talk therapy, or treatment) is a process through which clients work one-on-one with a trained
mental health clinician in a safe, caring,
and confidential environment. Counseling allows individuals to explore their
feelings, beliefs, and behaviors, work through challenging or influential memories, identify aspects of their lives that they would like to change,
better understand themselves and others, set personal goals,
and work toward desired change.
Individual counseling is counseling
focused on the individual's immediate or near future concerns. Individual
counseling may encompass career counseling and planning, grief after a loved one dies or dealing with problems at a job before they become big. Individual counseling is a one-on-one discussion
between the counselor and the client, who is the person seeking treatment. The
two form an alliance, relationship or bond that enables trust and personal growth.
1.5.2 Group counselling
Group counseling is a form of counseling where a small group of
people meet regularly to discuss, interact, and explore problems
with each other and the group leader;
where people can work
out problems and emotional concerns.
Members gain insight
into their own thoughts and behavior, and offer suggestions and
support to other. In addition, people
who have a difficult
time with interpersonal relationships can
benefit from the social interactions
that are a basic part of the group counseling experience. People who participate
in counseling groups benefit in many ways. We believe that groups are uniquely
suited to help students.
§
Give and receive support
§
Gain understanding of problems and explore possible
solutions
§
Practice interpersonal skills in a safe group setting
§
Learn more about how you come across to others
§
Increase observation and feedback skills
§
Enhance problem-solving skills
§
Improve emotional expressiveness
§
Decrease social
isolation
§
Develop good communication skills
1.5.3 Career Counselling
Career counseling can be seen
as a specific application of counseling psychology. At its core, counseling psychology is
about supporting people to improve the assessment of themselves, their
environment, and their current challenges as well as optimizing their experiences
and their behavior. However, career counseling is often misconceived because
the word “counseling” may imply to provide someone
with expertise and knowledge.
The word “counseling” could be interpreted in the way that clients get to know
which professions would fit them best through information and advice given by
the counselors. According to this conception, the counselor would provide
information about certain professions and the labor market in general, based on
his or her expertise. The counselor would also suggest specific
occupations or career
directions that fit the client.
career counseling is about helping clients to construct a subjectively meaningful identity, to increase
their self-reflection, and to help them create
their career according to their personal identity and life story.
1.5.4 Family counselling
Family therapy or family
counseling is a form of treatment that is designed
to address specific issues affecting the health
and functioning of a family.
It can be used to help
a family through a difficult period, a major transition, or mental or
behavioral health
problems in family members (“Family Therapy”, 2014).
As Dr. Michael
Herkov explains, family
therapy views individuals’ problems in the context of the larger unit: the family (2016). The
assumption of this type of therapy is that problems cannot be successfully
addressed or solved without understanding the dynamics of the group. The way the family operates influences how
the client’s problems formed and how they are encouraged or enabled by other
members of their family.
Family therapy can employ
techniques and exercises from cognitive therapy,
behavior therapy,
interpersonal therapy, or other types of individual
therapy. Like with other types of
treatment, the techniques employed
will depend on the specific
problems the client
or clients present
with. It should
be noted that in family
therapy or counseling, the term “family”
does not necessarily mean blood relatives. In this
context, “family” is anyone who “plays a long-term supportive role in one’s
life, which may not mean blood relations or family members in the same
household”.
1.5.5 Pre-marital Counselling
Premarital
counseling is a form of
therapy that is provided to couples to prepare them for marriage. This counseling
plays a vital role in this preparation. It is provided with the aim of helping couples
have strong and healthy relationships, thereby giving them a greater
chance of enjoying a stable as
well as satisfying marriage.
Premarital counseling is provided in
order to help couples enhance their relationships prior to marriage. Through
this counseling, couples are advised to discuss numerous topics, including the
following:
·
Intimacy, affection
and sex
·
Communication skills
·
Finances and money management
·
Expectations, beliefs
and values
·
Children and parenting
·
Decision making
and conflict resolution
·
Dealing with anger and
emotions
·
Roles in marriage
Getting premarital counseling is a
great way for partners to enhance their ability to communicate and establish
realistic expectations from one another. It’s also an excellent way to develop
conflict-resolution skills.
It is important to not forget the
fact that when each individual brings
his/her opinions, values or history into a particular relationship, they do not
always match with their partner’s. Often times, people get married believing
that it will fulfill their emotional, financial, social, and sexual needs – and
it does not turn out as they had expected. When differences and expectations are discussed before
marriage, the couple
can develop ways to
understand as well as support
each other after they are married. Early intervention is crucial
because the risk of divorce is normally at greatest early in marriage.
1.5.6 Marital Counselling
Marriage counseling, also called
couples therapy, helps couples — married or not — understand and resolve
conflicts and improve their relationship. Marriage counseling gives couples the
tools to communicate better, negotiate differences, problem solve and even
argue in a healthier way.
Marriage counseling is generally provided by licensed
therapists known as marriage and family
therapists. These therapists provide the same mental health
services as other
therapists, but with a specific focus — a couple's
relationship. Here are typical issues that marriage
counseling can help you and a
spouse or partner cope with: Infidelity, Divorce, Substance abuse, Physical or mental conditions, Same-sex relationship issues, Cultural, clashes, Finances,
Unemployment, Blended families, Communication problems,
Sexual difficulties, Conflicts
about child rearing,
Infertility, Anger, Changing roles
etc.
1.6 A Report of An Interview with A School
Teacher Councilor Are as Follows:
I made an
interview with a student counselor of Naipunnya Public school, Edakkunnu. The
Counselor’s name is Maria Paul Chakkiath, she gave me necessary information
about the counseling and guidence conducted in that school. They are in details
as follows.
1.6.1 What Is the
Role of Guidance and Counselling in Schools?
The roles of guidance and counselling is to bring
about the maximum development of human potential for the benefit of the
individual and society. Her observation is that the school counsellor is
concerned with facilitating the optimum development of students. In schools,
there is need for students to make proper subject and career choices. It is the
role of guidance and counselling programme to provide the students with the
necessary information about the courses availability and the qualifications
required for each course. Such information will assist students develop
realistic self-concept according to their academic capabilities.
Most secondary school students are in the adolescent
stage. During this time, adolescent experience alienation which is a syndrome
comprising of distrust, anxiety, pessimism, egocentrism, meaninglessness,
normlessness and powerlessness. She observes that guidance and counselling is
therefore needed during this adolescence stage to assist them, understand their
developmental stage and adjust to school life.
Guidance and counselling also help students choose and
pursue achievable careers. The students need guidance and counselling programs
to inform them about various jobs and openings available, the qualification
required plus the responsibilities involved and the nature of the work so that they
can decide and have clear occupational goals. The programme also plays the role
of intercepting and assisting disadvantaged students and also checks on school
drop-out. The school counsellor actually helps the students who are
experiencing difficulties.
1.6.2
Role of Guidance and Counselling in Effective Teaching and Learning
Guidance and counselling is an important educational
tool in shaping the orientation in a child from negative ideas that is planted
in the child by his/her peers. Hence the counsellor to assist the child in
moulding their future through counselling therapy. The school counsellor is seen
as a role model and highly respected by students. The counsellors by their
training are expected to be friends with the school child, listen to the
child’s complains, short comings and proper guidance to the child in a quest of
moulding the child in the right part to take in their life pursuit.
1.6.3 What Are the
Benefits of the School Counseling Program for Students?
The following are benefit of counselling to
students in schools:
1. Prepare students for the challenges of the
21st century through academic, career, and personal / social development.
2.
Relates educational program to future success.
3. Facilitates career exploration and
development.
4.
Develops decision-making and problem-solving skills.
5.
Assists in acquiring knowledge of self and others.
6.
Enhances personal development.
7. Assists in developing effective
interpersonal relationship skills.
8.
Broadens knowledge of our changing world.
9.
Provides advocacy for students.
10.
Encourages facilitative, co-operative peer interactions.
11.
Fosters resiliency factors for students.
12.
Assures equitable access to educational opportunities.
1.6.4. What Are the
School Guidance Counsellors’ Areas of Work?
She explained, in 1981 the Cork branch of the
Institute of Guidance Counsellors produced a job description for school
Guidance Counsellors listing their areas of work. The School Guidance
Counsellor:
1.
Counsels individual students and provides group education and vocational
guidance.
2.
Assists individual students with personal problems; social, emotional etc.
3.
Assists with personal development.
4.
Advises on study techniques.
5.
Advises on job applications and interviews.
6.
May engage in psychological testing and other testing.
7.
May refer students to other agencies.
8.
May co-ordinate a school system of pastoral care.
9.
Is responsible for the compilation and availability of occupational
information.
10.
Enjoys freedom and flexibility in the organization of counselling activities
according to the needs of the school.
Content
of The Workshop:
The
workshop gave an insight about how important it was for students of B.Ed to
have a backup plan along with aiming as a good teacher. There is morning and
afternoon session, in the first session Fr. Toby gave us inspirational thoughts
and ideas through his life experience. He begins his class with a
thought-provoking story and bring us a realm of a new horizon. From this
session we got a clear picture of who we are, and our potentialities. Fr Toby
ended his morning session with a statement “you are not what you think you
are”.
The second session was a practical session, he showed
many demos about how to counsel a student, how to build a strong family
relationships and bonds, how to handle POSCO cases, bad touch, good touch,
child molestation and so on. And also had a game of team building.
In short, through the first session he gave us guidance to become a good teacher and through the second, he gave us how to perform counselling, its methods and how to handle the students. Totally the class was very interesting, informative and memorable. From the visit, we realized how to build a rapport between counselor and counselee, we can see how they create the atmosphere and facilities for giving counselling, its room, equipment, tools and pictures. About 4.15 the workshop came to an end with a vote of thanks by Subin PJ, our co-student.
1.8 Findings
and Suggestions
1.8.1
Findings
·
The student counselor
plays an effective and important role in student’s life.
·
Assists in acquiring
knowledge of self and others.
·
Enhances personal
development.
·
Assists in developing
effective interpersonal relationship skills.
·
Broadens knowledge of our
changing world.
1.8.2
Suggestions
·
Every school should have
a fulltime, minimum two, councilors
·
Parents and society
should stop to criticize the counseling.
·
The counsellor should see
the student as his/her child, friend, and someone that needs help as in a
medical doctor patient relationship.
·
Schools should have
evaluated the counsellor from the feedback of the students.
·
The Govt. and the
management should give equal salary of teacher to the counselor to stick on his
profession and treat them like a teacher.
1.9 Conclusion
The success of democracy
depends on educated and enlightened individuals who shoulder the
responsibilities of running the administration. Guidance and counselling are
the integral part of education. It also helps students in career choice to
vying to their appropriate area that they are good at instead of following
their peers in choosing a wrong career part. The education of a child needs
constant mentoring hence guidance is inimical to their growth and development
in a complex society that we are today.
References
Akinade,
E. A. (2012). Modern Behaviour modification, principles and practices. Ibadan:
Bright Way Publishers.
Egbo,
A. C. (2013). Development of Guidance and counselling. Enugu: Joe best
publishers.
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